List Of Cars Without Spare Tires 2022, Wrestling Clubs London, Arhaus Bluestone Dining Table, Articles R

The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. /F3 12 0 R What is federalism? There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. /Height 235 3 0 obj READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. /Contents 4 0 R To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. >> Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Your email address will not be published. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. >> No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. 1. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. stream The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. /Type /Page This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. However, that is not so in a federal government system. Adobe d C REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. You are welcome dear reader. /BitsPerComponent 8 Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. ! Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Power Sharing Formula We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. << +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. 4 Topics . Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. 1. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. % Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. Hon. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. Payment Details. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. >> Notify me of follow-up comments by email. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Federalism in Nigeria. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. 2. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. 3. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Rt. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. /Subtype /Image . /F1 6 0 R This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. /Filter /DCTDecode sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Resource control: 3.7 7. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. /F5 18 0 R Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Excellent, thanks a lot f federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . /Font << << This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. % Pls visit us again dear reader. Your email address will not be published. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one.