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This enables a workstation to find lists of images or other such objects and then retrieve them from a picture archiving and communication system. If you wish to retrieve a study based on accession number (or anything else except those 4 identifiers). For instance, a patient that in the same day did a knee X-ray and a knee MRN. HIS/RIS or PACS sees order and generates Modality Worklist entry for the study. Web2. You can generate a query dataset using the QueryDataSet method and add more query parameters to it. Many radiology departments are successfully using the transactions defined by SWF to exchange data for radiology procedures. Rescale Type:Specifies the output units of Rescale Slope (0028,1053) and Rescale Intercept (0028,1052).Enum: US=Unspecified Requried if Photometric Interpretation is MONOCHROME2, and Bits Stored is greater than 1.This specifies an identity Modality LUT transformation. Web2. X. The DICOM standard is used in a wide variety of resources (IHE, HL7 a) that are related to images. The DICOM standard is 16 characters. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Thus, the retrieval count represents the total number of imaging examinations one can retrieve, not the absolute number of images. The overall Level classification is a composite of the maturity based on these individual criteria. WebEach imaging examination is assigned a unique accession number on PACS. DICOM is a standard directed at addressing technical interoperability issues in medical imaging. There are similar difficulties answering the same questions we saw for the DICOM treatment planning stations, but it is complicated further by the different data format, applications, and ways of identifying a patient. How does PACS get a copy of the report? Follow asked Jun 9, 2021 at 20:28. It uses the 2 network protocols on which the Internet is based and which allow data transfer, DICOM makes use of a coding system called, In the case of breast images, use is made of other types of structured files known as, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 13:18. With explicit value representation (VR) data elements, for VRs that are not OB, OW, OF, SQ, UT, or UN[clarification needed], the format for each data element is: GROUP (2 bytes) ELEMENT (2 bytes) VR (2 bytes) LengthInByte (2 bytes) Data (variable length). LEARN MORE, Learn how BridgeHeads next generation vendor neutral archive (VNA) can underpin your Enterprise Imaging strategy by consolidating, storing, protecting and sharing all of your medical images. Many soon realized that the second version also needed improvement. Some vendors dont even allow for this number to be entered at the modality. We believe these data elements represent important additions over previous USCDI version, posing low-to-modest technical effort for EHR developers based on the maturity level of the standards referenced above. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) holds the copyright to the published standard[2] which was developed by the DICOM Standards Committee, whose members[3] are also partly members of NEMA. WebDICOM Value Representations Note For attributes that were present in ACR-NEMA 1.0 and 2.0 and that have been retired, the specifications of Value Representation and Value Multiplicity provided are recommendations for the purpose of interpreting their values in objects created in accordance with earlier versions of this standard. For many modalities, this corresponds to a single image. The study id and accession number are information system generated numbers. Open standard from the medical computer science, Alternative formats as well as the DocBook source of the standard text, and additions to the standard (Supplements and Change Proposals), are available throughout the. The DICOM Store service is used to send images or other persistent objects (structured reports, etc.) Its name was then changed to "Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine", abbreviated DICOM. ,CT MONOCHROME1MONOCHROME2. Seminars in Roentgenology 38, 270281. AIR users are allowed to retrieve a set number of imaging examinations. Also, this process works today for the radiologist who knows how to access the radiology procedure in PACS, but how does the referring physician access this data? Health information technology (Health IT) makes it possible for health care providers to better manage patient care through secure use and sharing of health information. Health IT includes the use of electronic health records (EHRs) instead of paper medical records to maintain people's health information. The patients tags remain the same for all study of the patient, for every access the patient did, do and will do in our facility. The application that generates this data often does not support DICOM, resulting in another application being added to the environment to perform DICOM wrapping and to store and retrieve the data in DICOM. InstitutionName. Tests that result in visual images requiring interpretation by a credentialed professional. In the less than perfect world:1. X. logically, the main object has no "header" as such, being merely a list of attributes, including the pixel data). WebA DICOM data object consists of a number of attributes, including items such as name, ID, etc., and also one special attribute containing the image pixel data (i.e. AccessionNumber. WebThis Accession number, although required by the DICOM standard to be provided with the images, is not always available. FFFFFF:YYYY MM DDHH MM SSFFFFFF20050812183000.00 2005 8 12 18 30 00, :nnnDnnnW nnnM nnnYnnn D WM Y 018M 18 , DICOMDigital Imaging and Communications in MedicineISO 12052, 12800H4DICMDICOM, Tag(0x0002, 0x0003GroupElement, VM(Value Multiplicity), Group0x0000"""""Get", (0x0000,0100)command type(0x0000,0110)command message id, DICOM,FFFFFFFF(FFFE,E0DD)0. Name. More opinion is that handling of these numbers that are relatedto things from the HIS/RIS may require knowledge of how the localsite uses the information. The accession number is communicated using an HL7 order message (ORM) to all systems that need it, including PACS. WebEach imaging examination is assigned a unique accession number on PACS. The standard recommends but does not require the use of these port numbers. HL7 FHIR is licensed under Creative Commons "No Rights Reserved". In 1988 the second version was released. WebThis Accession number, although required by the DICOM standard to be provided with the images, is not always available. A study was directly copied from a PACS and contains stale header data. WebA DICOM data object consists of a number of attributes, including items such as name, ID, etc., and also one special attribute containing the image pixel data (i.e. WebThis Accession number, although required by the DICOM standard to be provided with the images, is not always available. There is also an ongoing media exchange test and "connectathon" process for CD media and network operation that is organized by the IHE organization. ORA-00001: (.) In the perfect world, these steps happen:1. The standard also provides services related to imaging such as managing imaging procedure worklists, printing images on film or digital media like DVDs, reporting procedure status like completion of an imaging acquisition, confirming successful archiving of images, encrypting datasets, removing patient identifying information from datasets, organizing layouts of images for review, saving image manipulations and annotations, calibrating image displays, encoding ECGs, encoding CAD results, encoding structured measurement data, and storing acquisition protocols. Name. How does PACS get a copy of the report? You can lookup by a fragment of group, element (also a combination of group and element), VR or name. WebRepresentation of the content produced in a DICOM imaging study. Thus, the retrieval count represents the total number of imaging examinations one can retrieve, not the absolute number of images. DICOM is copyrighted by National Electrical Manufacturers Association, IHE Scheduled Workflow is copyrighted by IHE International. This is a historical requirement to maintain compatibility with older existing systems. Slice Thickness:Nominal slice thickness, in mm. Could the photo ID of the patient help ensure that the correct patient data is selected at the imaging modality, or within the PACS? These treatment planning stations are from multiple vendors. Prior to the radiology procedure, a document will be filled out to capture the patient history. The problem occurs when you want to view both the report and the images together. There are no "minor" versions to the standard (e.g., no such thing as "DICOM 3.1") and there are no current plans to develop a new, incompatible, version of the standard (i.e., no "DICOM 4.0"). Instrument sends images to workstation or PACS. A departmental IS generated number which identifies the order for the Study. They may reset to0 after a particular count or maybe at midnight. AccessionNumber. Loral Aerospace and Siemens Medical Systems led a consortium of companies in deploying the first US military PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications System) at all major Army and Air Force medical treatment facilities and teleradiology nodes at a large number of US military clinics. WebDICOM Value Representations Note For attributes that were present in ACR-NEMA 1.0 and 2.0 and that have been retired, the specifications of Value Representation and Value Multiplicity provided are recommendations for the purpose of interpreting their values in objects created in accordance with earlier versions of this standard. The accession number is usually assigned by the HIS/RIS system and can be repeating or unique depending on the system. A RIS generated number that identifies the order for the Study. XnView supports .dic / .dicom for MIME type application/dicom[23], The best known standards and protocols used by DICOM are: [24]. The DICOM standard (From what I could understand) doesn't specify there to be a limit. An identifier of the Imaging Service Request for this Requested Procedure. The order is typically identified with an order placer number and order filler number, however, these numbers do not have a meaning in the context of a radiology exam. They all support DICOM, but they often have different methods of archiving data, making it difficult to have a central archive. The study id and accession number are information system generated numbers. 2761 registered port for DICOM using Integrated Secure Communication Layer (ISCL) over TCP or UDP; The patient ID folders also contain the treatment plans and any reports in addition to the photographs in JPEG. The PACS system does not synchronize changes to e.g. DICOM Placer Number, Filler Number, Accession Number (Unlimited Text, UT) and Patient ID (Long String, LO) are usually non-globally unique identifiers. Z. (0008,0050) Because there is no standard way to integrate the viewing of the radiology report along with the images, different applications provide different methods to solve the problem. Introduction to DICOM, UID 1.2.840.10008.1.1, YYYYMMDD YYYY MM DD 200508222005 8 22 , HHMMSS FRAC HH (00-23) MM (00-59) FRAC 183200.00 6:32 , YYYYMMDDHHMMSS. [8] DICOM has been constantly updated and extended since 1993, with the intent that changes are backward compatible, except in rare cases where the earlier specification was incorrect or ambiguous. When I call the CreateWorklistQuery method accession number is not one of the parameters i can use. The DICOM information object definitions[16] encode the data produced by a wide variety of imaging device types,[17] including, CT (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound, X-ray, fluoroscopy, angiography, mammography, breast tomosynthesis, PET (positron emission tomography), SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography), Endoscopy, microscopy, nd whole slide imaging, OCT (optical coherence tomography). There are many other departments, such as pathology, laboratory, dermatology and surgery, each of which are managing patient data that is often inaccessible outside of its primary use. Flanders, A.E., Carrino, J.A., 2003. A RIS generated number that identifies the order for the Study. In these cases, three- or four-dimensional data can be encapsulated in a single DICOM object. 0x0008. 2. WebDICOM Troubleshooting & Related Issues V1.00 LAUREL BRIDGE SOFTWARE, INC. one study contains series with different accession numbers, Patient IDs, Patient Names, etc. This document is the combined conformance statement for the various DICOM components in VistA Imaging. Built with by Innolitics, a team of medical imaging software developers. UIDs shall be mapped to the root portion of HL7 V3 Instance Identifiers (II). The accession number is communicated using an HL7 order message (ORM) to all systems that need it, including PACS. DICOM is a standard developed by American College of Radiology (ACR) and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). The administrative steps involve a patient being registered, a Diagnostic Imaging Order being placed for the registered patient, a unique Accession Number assigned, and the order being scheduled as a Requested Procedure. Frontline Digitisation: what is going to happen to your legacy EPR data? Also known as MPPS, this service allows a modality to better coordinate with image storage servers by giving the server a list of objects to send before or while actually sending such objects. The method needed is DicomQuery.Find. The file format for offline media is a later addition to the standard. This version gained more acceptance among vendors. Six companies participated in this event, DeJarnette Research Systems, General Electric Medical Systems, Merge Technologies, Siemens Medical Systems, Vortech (acquired by Kodak that same year) and 3M. The accession number is communicated using an HL7 order message (ORM) to all systems that need it, including PACS. 0x0008. X. How would that be imported into the EMR? 0x0008. VNA Does Not Equal Image Availability: What You Need to Know, Mount Graham Regional Medical Center selects HealthStore to retire legacy systems & access historical patient data Press Coverage Copy, Mount Graham Regional Medical Center selects HealthStore to retire legacy systems & access historical patient data. 0x0008. Official Website of The Office of the National Year, site, appointment number, dash exam number. For instance, a patient that in the same day did a knee X-ray and a knee MRN. 0x0050. Either it does not do modality worklist or HIS/RIS or PACS does not do it. Instrument probably generates its own Study ID.3. LOINC/RSNA Radiology Playbook includes Diagnostic Imaging Procedure Codes and Descriptions. Managing the modality worklist is a process used to reduce manual data entry errors and increase fidelity of patient information into the PACS/RIS imaging console. This adds overhead, slows down the process, and as a result does not provide sufficient benefit to support the costs and overhead. 1,267 1 1 gold badge 12 12 silver badges 23 23 bronze badges. While some systems may accept more values, you risk running into issues downstream by exceeding the standard. The first large-scale deployment of ACR/NEMA technology was made in 1992 by the US Army and Air Force, as part of the MDIS (Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support)[7] program based at Ft. Detrick, Maryland. Some vendors dont even allow for this number to be entered at the modality. 0x0080. X. It helps give the radiology department a more precise handle on resource (acquisition station) use. We find the accession number veryimportant because it is a key number during the dictationprocess. The patients tags remain the same for all study of the patient, for every access the patient did, do and will do in our facility. USCDI V2 USCDI V3 Level 2 Comment Log in LEARN MORE, How can your organization ensure a robust data protection strategy to safeguard your healthcare applications? 2. For the other explicit data elements or implicit data elements, see section 7.1 of Part 5 of the DICOM Standard. WebRepresentation of the content produced in a DICOM imaging study. The specifics are defined inPart 3 of the standard, but I will paraphrase here with someeditorial. In my next blog I will examine problems related to patient identification. Web(0008,0050) Accession Number: 2: Short String (0008,0051) Issuer of Accession Number Sequence: 3: Sequence (0008,0090) Referring Physician's Name: 2: Person Name Data synced with official DICOM standard on 12 May 2020. A complementary service to modality worklist, this enables the modality to send a report about a performed examination including data about the images acquired, beginning time, end time, and duration of a study, dose delivered, etc. WebDICOM UI (data type: Unique Identifier, UID) is limited to 64 bytes. The SWF integration profile defines how information is exchanged between different systems in the process of ordering, acquiring, reading and reporting on a radiology imaging procedure. How can I query the MWL using FO-DICOM by accession number? Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is an industry sponsored non-profit organization that profiles the use of standards to address specific healthcare use cases. For example, the patient for a radiology procedure is usually selected from a work list, but what if there are two patients with a common name? This information can be used to identify areas that require additional work to raise the overall classification level and consideration for inclusion in future versions of USCDI, - Must be represented by a vocabulary standard or an element of a published technical specification, - Used at scale in more than 2 different production environments, - Demonstrates exchange between 4 or more organizations with different EHR/HIT systems, - Used by a majority of patients, providers or events requiring its use, Interoperability Standards Advisory (ISA), Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Unique Device Identifier(s) for a Patients Implantable Device(s), Administrative Transaction Acknowledgements, Enrollment and Disenrollment in a Health Plan, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response for Retail Pharmacy Coverage, Administrative Transactions to Financial Exchanges, Electronic Funds Transfer for Payments to Health Care Providers, Health Care Payment and Remittance Advice, Health Plan Premium Payments for Covered Members, Administrative Transactions to Support Clinical Care, Health Care Attachments to Support Claims, Referrals and Authorizations, Referral Certification and Authorization for Pharmacy Transactions, Referral Certification and Authorization Request and Response for Dental, Professional and Institutional Services, Health Care Claims and Coordination of Benefits, Health Care Claim Status Request and Response, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Dental Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Institutional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Professional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Supplies and Professional Services, Operating Rules to Support Administrative Transactions, Operating Rules for Enrollment and Disenrollment, Operating Rules for Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA), Operating Rules for Prior Authorization and Referrals, Operating Rules to Support Claim Status Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Electronic Prescribing Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Eligibility Transactions, Appendix I Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, Appendix III - Educational and Informational Resources, Understanding Emerging API-Based Standards, Understanding Observations and Observation Values, Appendix IV - State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Sending a Notification of a Long-Term Care Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to the Servicing Pharmacy, Sending a Notification of a Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to Other Providers, Sending a Notification of a Patients Encounter to a Record Locator Service, Referral from Acute Care to a Skilled Nursing Facility, Referral to a Specialist - Request, Status Updates, Outcome, Referral to Extra-Clinical Services - Request, Updates, Outcome, Documenting and Sharing Care Plans for a Single Clinical Context, Documenting and Sharing Medication-Related Care Plans by Pharmacists, Documenting Care Plans for Person Centered Services, Domain or Disease-Specific Care Plan Standards, Sharing Patient Care Plans for Multiple Clinical Contexts, Communicate Appropriate Use Criteria with the Order and Charge to the Filling Provider and Billing System for Inclusion on Claims, Provide Access to Appropriate Use Criteria, Clinical Quality Measurement and Reporting, Reporting Aggregate Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Reporting Patient-level Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Sharing Quality Measure Artifacts for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Establishing the Authenticity, Reliability, and Trustworthiness of Content Between Trading Partners, Exchanging Diet and Nutrition Orders Across the Continuum of Care, Family Health History (Clinical Genomics), Representing Family Health History for Clinical Genomics, Format for Sharing Social Care Services Information, Format for Structuring and Sharing Social Care Directory Information, Format of Medical Imaging Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiation Exposure Dose Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiology Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Medical Image Formats for Data Exchange and Distribution, Exchange InVitro Diagnostics (IVD) Orders and Results, Transmit Laboratory Directory of Services to Provider System, Medical Device Communication to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Transmitting Patient Vital Signs from Medical Devices to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Clinical Information Systems to Request Context-Specific Clinical Knowledge From Online Resources, Patient Identity/Identification Management, Recording Patient Preferences for Electronic Consent to Access and/or Share their Health Information with Other Care Providers, Allows Pharmacy Benefit Payers to Communicate Formulary and Benefit Information to Prescriber Systems, Allows a Long Term or Post-Acute Care to Request to Send an Additional Supply of Medication, Allows a Pharmacy to Notify a Prescriber of Prescription Fill Status, Allows a Pharmacy to Request Additional Refills, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a Change to a Prescription, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a New Prescription For a New Course of Therapy or to Continue Therapy, Allows a Pharmacy to Request, Respond to or Confirm a Prescription Transfer, Allows a Prescriber or a Pharmacy to Request a Patients Medication History, Allows a Prescriber to Cancel a Prescription, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate Drug Administration Events, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate with a REMS Administrator, Allows a Prescriber to Prescribe Medication Using Weight-Based Dosing, Allows a Prescriber to Recertify the Continued Administration of a Medication Order, Allows a Prescriber to Request a Patients Medication History from a State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP), Allows a Prescriber to Request, Cancel or Appeal Prior Authorization for Medications, Allows a Prescriber to Send a New Prescription to a Pharmacy, Allows a Prescriber to Send a Prescription to a Pharmacy for a Controlled Substance, Allows for Communication of Prescription Information Between Prescribers and Dispensers, Allows for the Exchange of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) Data, Data Submission for Title X Family Planning Annual Reporting, Electronic Transmission of Reportable Laboratory Results to Public Health Agencies, Exchanging Immunization Data with Immunization Registries, Newborn Screening Results and Birth Defect Reporting to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Information to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Birth and Fetal Death to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Cancer Cases to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Death Records to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Syndromic Surveillance to Public Health (Emergency Department, Inpatient, and Urgent Care Settings), Sending Health Care Survey Information to Public Health Agencies, Data Collection for Submission to Registries and Reporting Authorities, Prepopulation of Research Forms from Electronic Health Records, Submission of Clinical Research Data Contained in EHRs and Other Health IT Systems for General Purpose or Preserving Specific FDA Requirements, Submission of Clinical Research Data to FDA to Support Product Marketing Applications, Submit Adverse Event Report from an Electronic Health Record to Drug Safety Regulators, Support a Transition of Care or Referral to Another Health Care Provider, Defining a Globally Unique Device Identifier, Representing Unique Implantable Device Identifiers, An Unsolicited "Push" of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination and Information System User, An Unsolicited Push of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination Between Systems, Push Communication of Vital Signs from Medical Devices, Remote Patient Monitoring to Support Chronic Condition Management, Patient Education and Patient Engagement, Providing Patient-Specific Assessments and Recommendations Based on Patient Data for Clinical Decision Support, Retrieval of Contextually Relevant, Patient-Specific Knowledge Resources from Within Clinical Information Systems to Answer Clinical Questions Raised by Patients in the Course of Care, Consumer Access/Exchange of Health Information, Collection and Exchange of Patient-Reported Outcomes, Patient Exchanging Secure Messages with Care Providers, Push Patient-Generated Health Data into Integrated EHR, Remote Patient Authorization and Submission of EHR Data for Research, View, Download and Transmit Data from EHR, Listing of Providers for Access by Potential Exchange Partners, Exchanging Images Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Images Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Patient Identification Within and Between Communities, Transport for Immunization Submission and Query/Response, Data Element Based Query for Clinical Health Information, Query for Documents Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Query for Documents Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Finding and Retrieving Human Services Information, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Environmental Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Food Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Medications, Representing Non-Imaging and Non-Laboratory Clinical Tests, Representing Patient Contact Information for Telecommunications, Representing Nutrition Assessment, Diagnosis, Interventions and Monitoring/Evaluation, Representing Health Care Data for Emergency Medical Services, Representing Assessment and Plan of Treatment, Representing Patient Dental Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Medical Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Family Health History, Representing Patient Functional Status and/or Disability, Health Care Providers, Family Members and Other Caregivers, Representing Provider Role in Team Care Settings, Representing Relationship Between Patient and Another Person, Imaging (Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures), Representing Imaging Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures, Representing Clinical/Nursing Assessments, Representing Patient Problems for Nursing, Patient Clinical Problem List (i.e., "Conditions"), Representing Patient Clinical Problems (i.e., Conditions), Representing Patient Preferred Language (Presently), Representing Medical Procedures Performed, Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Representing Hospital/Facility Beds Utilization, Representing Laboratory Operations (Population Laboratory Surveillance), Representing Population-Level Morbidity and Mortality, Representing Data for Biomedical and Health Services Research Purposes, Sex at Birth, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Representing Patient-Identified Sexual Orientation, Social, Psychological and Behavioral Data, Representing Exposure to Violence (Intimate Partner Violence), Representing Social Connection and Isolation, Representing Patient Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping), Representing Patient Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Representing Patient Tobacco Use (Smoking Status), Representing Units of Measure (For Use with Numerical References and Values), Representing Job, Usual Work, and Other Work Information, https://www.healthit.gov/isa/taxonomy/term/3716/level-1, https://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol1x.pdf, https://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part03/sect_C.7.2.html#table_C.7-3, https://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part04/sect_C.6.2.html, https://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol1.pdf, http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=13, https://www.hl7.org/fhir/imagingstudy.html, https://www.healthit.gov/hitac/events/us-core-data-interoperability-task-force-2021-27, https://loinc.org/oids/1.3.6.1.4.1.12009.10.2.5.1/, https://profiles.ihe.net/RAD/IMR/index.html, https://www.nuance.com/healthcare/diagnostics-solutions/radiology-network/powershare-medical-image-sharing.html, https://www.rsna.org/practice-tools/data-tools-and-standards/image-share-validation-program.