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Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. , The overall increase in ACSL may be connected to changes in sentencing guidelines see accompanying technical guide for further details. The custody rate for this offence was 14% for females and 34% for males in 2019. Supplementary Excel (in an Open .ods format) tables accompany the chapters, providing additional data where the figures have not previously been published (or not published in that form). The most recent data in this report are from the Child Support Supplement (CSS) to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). There are also sections covering statistics on out of court disposals which come from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, published by the Ministry of Justice, and experimental pilot data from national Liaison and Diversion services, as supplied by NHS England. 2019/20 saw a fall in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year for women aged 16 to 74 (3.7% in 2018/19 to 2.9% in 2019/20). Press enquiries should be directed to the Ministry of Justice press office: Other enquiries about these statistics should be directed to the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: Damon Wingfield, Responsible Statistician and Head of Criminal Justice System Statistics Fraud by failing to disclose information females made up 50% of 281 convictions in 2019, down 1 pp since 2015. As at 30 June 2019, 5% of the prison population were female, this proportion has remained stable for the last 5 years. In 2019, the proportion of children prosecuted for indictable offences that were females was 10%. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Over a three-year timeseries, a larger proportion of males aged 16-59 had experienced only one form of abuse in the last year (84.6%) compared to females the same age (77.9%)[footnote 18]. The national divorce rate is 7.6 per 1,000 couples in 2022. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: In homicides with victims under the age of 16, where the principal suspect was identified, 31% of suspects were the parent (males: 21%; females: 42%). There are few comparisons to the population as a whole, but we have considered this to be 51% female, as based on Mid-year Population Estimates from the Office for National Statistics. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019 Victimisation Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. Well send you a link to a feedback form. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. If you have any feedback about the changes referred to in the introduction, or the report more generally, please contact the production team through the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Fieldwork for the year to March 2020 was suspended two weeks early on Wednesday the 18th March 2020, just prior to the lockdown restrictions being announced by the Government on the 23rd March 2020. Among both adult female and male offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35 to 39 at 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. A BBC report suggested that in 2011 men accounted for just 8% of the UK's single parents. The number of TVLEO prosecutions has decreased for both female (down 30%) and male (down 37%) defendants since 2015, although the decrease between 2018 and 2019 was negligible compared to previous years. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. Youth custody report and data for January 2018 published. Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. Figure 5.08: Median number of days from offence to completion, by offence group and sex, 2019. For more information and statistics on criminal court timeliness please refer to the Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020 bulletin. A 2.6 pp increase over the last five years brought female representation among in-post police officers up to 31% in 2019. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. Theft from shops was the most common indictable offence for which 34% of females and 14% of males were convicted in 2019. Consistently, the proportion of females who reported experiencing domestic abuse in the last year (7.3%) was twice that of males (3.6%). In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. A contributing factor is the greater availability of females when an enforcement officer visits the home[footnote 116]. [A pupil may be excluded for one or more fixed periods up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. This report is a compendium of information from a range of data sources from across the CJS on the representation of females (and males) among victims, suspects, defendants and offenders. In 2019/20, violence against the person and theft offences accounted for the largest proportion of arrests for both males and females. This idea was developed in the 1980s by Richard Gardner, a crank psychiatrist who thought child sexual abuse is not necessarily traumatic, and that mothers who don't fulfil their partners. In 2019, 74% of those convicted for TV licence evasion were female. , Defendants are reported against their principal (i.e. , Fixed period exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded from a school for a set period of time. For example, data on arrests are presented in financial years, while data from courts is presented in calendar years. This chapter (largely drawing from the Offender Management statistics Quarterly) provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community, by sex. Youth custody data for October 2017 published. Youth custody data for March 2017 published. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. , Data is from Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. In general, females appear to be substantially underrepresented throughout the CJS compared with males. Youth custody report for September 2015 published. The largest percentage difference is for drug offences which have a median offence to completion that is 47% higher (49 days) for females in comparison to males. In 2019, the highest level of concordance (excluding suspended sentence orders) for both males and females was in custodial sentences, at 89% for males and 79% for females[footnote 55]. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved any pass in their GCSEs (or equivalents) was high; 80% for males and 83% for females. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal crime, compared to 3.4% of females. The following section discusses child offenders at different stages of the Criminal Justice System. Young males receiving less than 12 months in custody were less likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (60% v 67%). Youth custody report for October 2015 published. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. The largest difference between genders in proportions of persistent absence was seen for those who were dealt with by a community penalty. It is our intention to develop and test a new methodology that maintains our high professional standards and ensures that accurate, consistent series are available to all. In the absence of any court outcome, the principal suspect is either the person considered by the police to be the most involved in the homicide or the suspect with the closest relationship to the victim. Youth custody data for April 2018 published. A higher proportion of female defendants were not remanded by police, which may be due in part to the different types of offences for which females and males are prosecuted and hence the risk they are perceived as representing. It has not been possible to accurately replicate the existing methodology and produce robust estimates in time for this release following changes to the way that data are recorded. This chapter also includes analysis on the educational attainment and overall educational background of offenders through a data sharing exercise between MoJ and DfE. Figure 7.11: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of persistent absence, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.4). The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. In 2019, 50% of PNDs were paid in full, and 35% resulted in a fine for late payment. , 3% of young people identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. Of all females sentenced in 2019, Black female offenders had the highest custody rate[footnote 75] at 23%. , Only two sentence length categories have been used for analysis of the MoJ-DfE data due to small volumes when the data is broken down. Between 2015 and 2019, offenders of unknown sex comprised less than 1% of offenders. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). When comparing sentencing outcomes for male and female offenders, a consistently larger proportion of male offenders receive custodial sentences whereas larger proportions of female offenders receive community sentences or a conditional discharge. like child support and child custody, contested. , Personal crimes are those against an individual that relate to the respondents own personal experience rather than others in the household. , Further information regarding the impacts on published estimates of the ongoing data reforms seen in the criminal courts can be found at the following link: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Plea data is sourced from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin and excludes companies, defendants with unknown sex and unknown plea. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). Remands at magistrates court followed similar trends to police remands over the last 5 years, with lower proportions of female defendants bailed or remanded in custody. Ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions against males compared to females. The strategy sets out the Government's commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater In contrast, a higher proportion of male than female first time offenders were cautioned or convicted for drug offences over the last 5 years (13% and 5% respectively in 2019). You have rejected additional cookies. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G by gender and disposal category[footnote 98] (Source: Table 7.1). The report includes demographic and income data about custodial parents, and details child support income for custodial parents living below the poverty level. Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. It draws upon published extracts of human resources records for the police (2019/20), Ministry of Justice (MoJ; 2018/19), Crown Prosecution Service (CPS; 2018/19), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS; 2019/20), magistracy[footnote 119] and judiciary[footnote 120]. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15 (62% for young females and 53% for young males). In 2018/19, a total of 85,900[footnote 28] adults engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which just over a fifth (21%) were females which is a higher proportion than those arrested (please see arrests section of this chapter). , Court outcomes figures split by sex and ethnicity is limited to indictable offences where is a robust proportion with known ethnicity. Estimates for the year 2019 to March 2020 were therefore unaffected by the lockdown restrictions. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 1], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. Statistically, it appears that the family courts in the United States are biased against fathers. This section looks at offenders starting supervision as a result of a court order, including those starting supervision as a result of a community order or a suspended sentence order[footnote 68]. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. The overall child conviction ratio for indictable offences remained broadly stable since 2015, at 70%. , Lancashire Constabulary and Greater Manchester Police were unable to supply complete data for 2018/19 and for 2019/20 respectively. Britain has the highest proportion of fatherless families (2 million) of any major European country. Contrastingly, the HMPPS HQ (and Area Services) has a majority female staff, increasing to 59% in 2020. Youth custody report: September 2017 published. In 2019[footnote 43], the majority of defendants for triable-either-way cases that were sent to the Crown Court were sent on the direction of the magistrate (85%). My wife has confessed that when she first learned I was a single dad she automatically presumed that mum had died! In 2019/20, sexual assault towards females within the last year were over 4 times higher than towards males. The publication also contains more detailed information on the make-up of the custody population by legal basis for detention, accommodation type, age group, gender, ethnicity and region of origin. This is largely due to the introduction of the offence of assaulting an emergency worker in 2018, for which 3,300 females were prosecuted in 2019. , Statistics on case management come from Criminal Court Statistics. An oral report is usually completed within 24 hours of conviction where a limited amount of information is required by the sentencing court. Figure 9.01: Proportion of practitioners in organisations involved in the CJS of each sex, by organisation, most recent year available vs. five years prior. , See technical guide for more information on PNDs. Among young males who were dealt with by a suspended sentence, 82% had a record of fixed period exclusion, compared to 59% of young females; a 24 percentage point difference. The proportion of convicted offenders who were female was 27% in 2019 and has remained stable over the last 5 years. This can be explained by a 7% rise for females and a 4% fall for males between 2018 and 2019. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Some of the proportions presented in this analysis are based on small sample sizes so care should be taken when comparing results for different genders. This proportion has remained stable over the last 5 years (June 2015 June 2019) despite the overall fall of 18% in the under 18 custody population. Custody Rate and Average Custodial Sentence Length (ACSL)[footnote 83]. In 2019/20, 640,000 arrests were carried out by police in England and Wales, which has remained stable over the last 3 years following a previously downward trend. Youth custody report for August 2015 published. A huge 40% of married American households feature a woman who is a primary breadwinner, but only 3% of American spousal support arrangements are paid to ex-husbands. In 2019, 86% of female offenders were sentenced to a fine with an average fine of 230, compared to 72% of male offenders with an average fine of 302. The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of females who come into contact with it. The relative proportion of male and female victims has remained consistent over the last five years[footnote 20]. This proportion has remained very similar over the last 5-year period. 20 divorce facts for 2020. See technical guide for more information. Full details on data limitations and conclusion can be found in the technical guide. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within the secure estate. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. , Guidance to National Probation Service staff on proposing suspended sentence orders (SSO) changed in 2018, which led to substantial drops in the numbers of SSOs proposed in 2018 and 2019 resulting in volumes too low for a robust comparison. Statistics show that women are awarded child custody in nearly 90 percent of all cases. Of all female prosecutions, 56% were brought forward by a prosecuting authority other than the police, compared to 23% for male defendants. A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. Time Method View help for Time Method The disposal where there was the greatest difference between genders was for fines. A lower proportion of females paid their PNDs in full (47%) compared to males (51%) and had a slightly higher proportion of fines registered (36% compared to 35%). The most common offence group[footnote 29] for those engaged with liaison and diversion services was violence against the person, for which a larger proportion of females were being dealt with compared to males (29% compared to 22%). In 2019, 46% of children remanded at Crown Court for indictable offences were remanded in custody. The proportion of females experiencing domestic abuse in 2019/20 was 7.3%, double that of males (3.6%). This chapter looks at the interaction between sex and other key characteristics throughout the Criminal Justice System including, ethnicity, age, offending history, and reoffending. 62.9% of custodial fathers are non-Hispanic white men. In the same year, 51.7% of adults perceived the Criminal Justice System as effective; this did not significantly differ between sexes. Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 1999 October 2002 In the spring of 2000, an estimated 13.5 million parents had custody of 21.7 million children under 21 years of age whose other parent lived somewhere else. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of prosecutions for summary non-motoring offences has been decreasing for both male and female defendants, offset by increases in both indictable and summary motoring offences. , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. Youth custody report for September 2016 published. Male victims were comparatively younger, with equal proportions within the 16-24 and 25-34 age groups (both 22%). TV licence evasion was the most common offence for which females were convicted in 2019. Refer to https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf for further details on methodology. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that leads to a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning within that year or within a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2019 publication. Figure 5.09: The level of concordance between sentences proposed and outcomes for female and male offenders, by sentence type, 2019[footnote 56]. The indictable offences for which the highest numbers of female offenders were sentenced in 2019 were: Theft from shops (9600 were sentenced, 3% of all sentences given to female offenders in 2019); Assault of an emergency worker (2700 sentenced); Fraud by false representation: cheque, plastic card and online bank accounts (940 sentenced); Possession of a Class A drug (870 sentenced); and. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English & Maths. The given number currently represents about . in the 14 years to March 2019, the number of young people in youth custody went down in every ethnic group. The study included 15 years of published cases involving alienation, abuse, and custody, while coding parties' claims and defenses, outcomes, and other key factors by gender and parental status. More females experienced two types of abuse (18.3%) than males (13.5%), often including domestic stalking. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). As at 30 June 2019, 13% of the sentenced male prison population were serving indeterminate sentences compared to 11% of the female population. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. As with custodial sentences, females on average received shorter community orders (11.6 months) and suspended sentence orders (16.6 months) on compared to males (at 12.5 and 17.3 months respectively). Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English & Maths. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019 publication. Figure 8.01: The proportion of male and female offenders prosecuted for each offence group, England and Wales, 2019. , Data is from CSEW 2019 annual supplementary tables. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. Similar falls have been seen in the number of defendants prosecuted over the last 5 years when broken down by sex; the number of prosecutions for male defendants fell by 11% to 904,000 in 2019 and prosecutions for female defendants fell by 12% to 324,000 in 2019. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. As discussed in Chapter 5: Defendants, in 2019, 26% of individuals[footnote 113] prosecuted in England and Wales were female[footnote 114]. , Persistent absence is when a pupil enrolments overall absence equates to 10 per cent or more of their possible sessions. Figure 7.05: Proportion of children in the Criminal Justice System, by sex, England and Wales, 2019. Prison population figures are from the Offender Management Statistics quarterly bulletin and are averaged across 12 months. The overall cautioning rate has been gradually decreasing over the last 5 years, from 18% in 2015 to 11% in 2019, and has been consistently lower for females than males, at 7% for females and 11% for males in 2019. Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Please refer to the accompanying technical guide for further details. Youth Custody Report for July 2013 published. Female representation within MoJ and CPS remained constant. Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. May in certain circumstances also be suitable when the Court is considering custody. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. Father-headed households 400,000 families were headed by lone fathers in 2012, representing 13.5% of all single-parent households in the UK according to the Office for National Statistics.