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"Ethiopia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2010 to 2020", "Agriculture in Ethiopia: data shows for a large part Agriculture still retained its majority share of the economy", "The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Selected Issues Series", "National Statistical Abstract. [11], The primary motive for the expansion of state farms was the desire to reverse the drop in food production that has continued since the revolution. Furthermore, the GOE vowed to begin exporting wheat to neibhouring countries by 2023 by tapping into the huge production potential due to its various favorable agro-ecologies and through expansion of wheat production area under irrigation to achieve self-sufficiency and reduce wheat imports. [30] These tools includes sickle, pick axe, plough shaft, ploughshare, plow, beam and animal force as a machines. This is a best prospect industry sector for this country. Ethiopia is also Africa's second biggest maize producer. Demand for vegetables has stimulated truck farming around the main urban areas such as Addis Ababa and Asmera. At the moment, there are a few U.S. and foreign firms that have partnered with local companies in the milk business, which has considerable room for growth, as milk consumption is still very low. Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. To implement this strategy, the government relied on peasant associations and rural development, cooperatives and state farms, resettlement and villagization, increased food production, and a new marketing policy. Three factors contributed to the decline in the relative importance of pulses and oilseeds. In pastoral areas, livestock formed the basis of the economy. Major Rivers of Ethiopia Water resources. In the same fiscal year, 707,059.29 hectares under cultivation produced 6,169,279.99 quintals of oilseeds, an increase from the previous year of 4,970,839.57 quintals grown on 741,790.98 hectares. For northwest and central Ethiopia, fertilizer usage determinants are estimated simultaneously with technology-specific production functions. To meet its agro-processing objectives, the GOE is building Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (IAIP) in four pilot areas: Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regional states. [7], Ensete, known locally as false banana, is an important food source in Ethiopia's southern and southwestern highlands. In this regard, the CSA conducts, produces, disseminates and administers data generated from surveys and censuses in Ethiopia. After the 1975 land reform, peasants began withholding grain from the market to drive up prices because government price-control measures had created shortages of consumer items. Estimates for 1987 indicated that livestock production contributed one-third of agriculture's share of GDP, or nearly 15 percent of total GDP. For this to happen, the government will need to guarantee sufficient allocations of foreign exchange. Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) Source: Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, Total Market Size = (Total Local Production + Total Imports) (Total Exports). The data from 460 sheep were used for the determination of morphometric characterization while 110 male sheep and 150 females were used to characterize the reproductive performance of Blackhead Somali sheep breeds. The highest concentration of poultry is in Shewa, in central Wollo, and in northwestern Tigray. Yet agriculture is the country's most promising resource. Section D. [7], President Mengistu's 1990 decision to allow free movement of goods, to lift price controls, and to provide farmers with security of tenure was designed to reverse the decline in Ethiopia's agricultural sector. In Ethiopia's lowlands, for example, the presence of malaria kept farmers from settling in many areas. In this regard, Ethiopia is looking to expand development efforts to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution; reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; increase forest protection and development; increase production of electricity from renewable sources for domestic use and for export; and focus on modern and energy saving technologies. [7], Government attempts to implement land reform also created problems related to land fragmentation, insecurity of tenure, and shortages of farm inputs and tools. The importance of smallholder farming is increasingly recognized in rural areas where increased crop productivity and market participation can effectively improve their dietary diversity and nutrition quality. There are also expanding opportunities for grocery sales to retail and wholesale outlets that are starting to spring up all over Addis Ababa. It began with the domestication of crops and animals. Examining the characteristics of stakeholders in Lake Tana Sub-basin resource use, management and Governance -- 21. As a result, a number of Indian entrepreneurs are relocating to Ethiopia to develop its thriving flower industry which has led to gains in market share at the expense of neighboring countries. [7], As of 2008[update], some countries that import most of their food, such as Saudi Arabia, had begun planning the development of large tracts of arable land in developing countries such as Ethiopia. According to government statistics, there are approximately 50 million cattle, 50 million goats and sheep, plus an assortment of horses, donkeys, camels and chickens. In the coming decades, ensuring food security is one of the greatest challenges in Ethiopia. Overview. The powers and duties of the MoA include: conservation and use of forest and wildlife resources, food security, water use and small-scale irrigation, monitoring events affecting agricultural development and early warning system . Grains - Grains are the most important field crops and the main element in the diet of most Ethiopians. The principal grains in Ethiopia are Teff, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Sorghum, and Millet. However, even with this anticipated increase in chicken meat production, demand is expected to outstrip supply, thereby creating potential opportunities for imports. . Forestland, most of it in the southwestern part of the country, accounted for 4 percent of the total land area, according to the government. [24] As Ethiopia increasingly experiences the effects of climate change, drought, and desertification, experts predict that "Ethiopia will have to open its markets to grain imports in order to keep up with the growing demand for meat, milk, and eggs.". Agriculture. Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey Wave3, 2015-2016. Please see below a summary of agricultural focus areas and objectives laid out in Ethiopias ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030). Section D. Because of low rainfall, these soils have limited agricultural potential, except in some areas where rainfall is sufficient for the growth of natural forage at certain times of the year. The existence of so many land tenure systems, coupled with the lack of reliable data, made it difficult to give a comprehensive assessment of landownership in Ethiopia, as well as depressed the ability of peasants to improve themselves. Agriculture. [7], Ethiopia's demand for grain continued to increase because of population pressures, while supply remained short, largely because of drought and government agricultural policies, such as price controls, which adversely affected crop production. Both animals have high sales value in urban centers, particularly during holidays such as Easter and New Year's Day. Under the Homegrown Economic Reform Program,the GOE intends to make the textile and apparel industry one of the economic engines that will propel future growth. 2. [7] According to the Central Statistical Agency (CSA), in 2008 the average Ethiopian farmer holds 1.2 hectares of land, with 55.13% of them holding less than 1.0 hectare. Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) Young herders take their text books of the upcoming school year to the grazing grounds. Peasant associations often were periodically compelled to redistribute land to accommodate young families or new households moving into their area. Sandy desert soils cover much of the arid lowlands in the northeast and in the Ogaden of southeastern Ethiopia. The government's price controls and the AMC's operations had led to the development of different price systems at various levels. [7], Soil erosion has been one of the country's major problems. 1401 Constitution Ave NW However, beginning in 1987 the decline in world coffee prices, reduced Ethiopia's foreign-exchange earnings. Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. Ethiopias cotton production is insufficient to meet the growing demand from the textile and apparel sector. Agro-processed products, such as chicken, cheese, butter, eggs, biscuits, bread, juice, etc. With 22% of children aged 5 to 14 working in the informal sector, the Department reported that "government efforts to address child labor have not sufficiently targeted sectors with a high incidence of child labor",[28] and cattle herding still figures among the goods listed in the DOL's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor published in December 2014. Five major cereals (teff, wheat, maize, sorghum and barley) are the core of Ethiopia's agriculture and food economy, accounting for about fINTENSIVE FARMING. In addition, the GOE is looking to the agro-processing sector (also a best prospect sector detailed below) as one engine to spur future economic growth. These activities have contributed to higher yields and increased production of both crops and livestock. Includes a market overview and trade data. Ethiopia's agricultural sector has developed favourably over the past decade, but rapid population growth, limited access to fertile land, and volatile agricultural outcomes pose problems for the . Among the overall agricultural output produced by an Ethiopian family farm, only 21 percent are sold, highlighting the subsistence-oriented nature of the country's smallholders. [7], Agricultural productivity under the Derg continued to decline. Jorge Morales Pedraza. This article is the second in a series that seek to examine the role of agriculture as a developmental opportunity for Africa. The UN Joint Programme focused on Rural Women's Economic Empowerment (UNJP-RWEE) was launched in Ethiopia in 2014 by UN Women, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP), and the International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD). In the case of the textile and apparel sector, a shortage of locally-produced cotton suggests a need for cotton imports, including from the United States. The Blue Nile River. These areas are used by pastoralists who move back and forth in the area following the availability of pasture for their animals. Moreover, the emperor's inability to implement meaningful land reform perpetuated a system in which aristocrats and the church owned most of the farmland and in which most farmers were tenants who had to provide as much as 50% of their crops as rent. Principal crops include coffee, pulses (e.g., beans), oilseeds, cereals, potatoes, sugarcane, and vegetables. A potential exists for self-sufficiency in grains and for export development in livestock, grains, vegetables, and fruits. [7], Inaccessibility, water shortages, and infestations of disease-causing insects, mainly mosquitoes, prevented the use of large parcels of potentially productive land. But with proper drainage and conditioning, these soils have excellent agricultural potential. Since the 2000s, Ethiopia has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. [27], Most of the estimated 7.5 million equines (horses, mules, and donkeys) are used to transport produce and other agricultural goods. The directorates goal is to increase productivity, employment, technology transfer, and foreign exchange reserves by attracting investors with incentives and favorable land lease terms. Since then, export earnings from this sector have grown to about US$65 million in 200607 and are projected to double over the next few years. Blue Nile makes about 80% by volume of the Great Nile River. In fact, the Ethiopia Investment Commission considers the textile and garment sector as a strategic sector. To that end, the government has made significant investments in cotton production in order to support manufacturing, including the recent establishment of industrial zones, and has gone to great lengths to provide incentives to attract foreign manufacturers to set up operations in the country. As many as 4.6 million people need food assistance annually. Section D. In fact, the soybean crushing and soybean oil refining industry is quickly emerging. The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) is the Ethiopian government ministry which oversees the agricultural and rural development policies of Ethiopia on a Federal level. Their resistance to this change increased when Zemecha members campaigned for collectivization of land and oxen. The study sought to assess the role of smallholder farming in crop productivity and market access . The beneficial climate in the Highlands of Ethiopia also enabled irrigation and other advanced agricultural technology. The MOA is supporting the development of the countrys livestock sector, which is one of the largest in Africa. The plough shaft, beam and ploughshare are made of wood and the sickle, pick axe, plow are made of metal. A large chunk of this commercially produced red meat, most of which is currently mutton and goat meat is exported to the Middle East in order to generate foreign exchange. Put in perspective, Ethiopia's key agricultural sector has grown at an annual . However, information is lacking in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia. SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURE 2 2.1. Mia MacDonald and Justine Simon (2010) Climate, Food Security, & Growth: Ethiopia's Complex Relationship with Livestock. Agriculture. The soil was equilibrated with pH 7.5 buffer solution whereby reserve H is brought into the solution, which results in depression of pH which will be made and . The soils of the Great Rift Valley often are conducive to agriculture if water is available for irrigation. USA.gov|FOIA|Privacy Program|EEO Policy|Disclaimer|Information Quality Guidelines |Accessibility, Official Website of the International Trade Administration, Comply with U.S. and Foreign Export Regulations. The major product in are teff, wheat, maize, sesame, Niger, linseed etc. 2. Private companies are allowed to import food commodities including wheat, rice, sugar, powder milk, and cooking oils. Soil acidity is one of the most important environmental threats to the Ethiopian highlands where the livelihood of the majority of people is reliant on agriculture. In addition to its domestic use, sesame is also the principal export oilseed. With respect to increasing productivity, the GOE, alongside its international partners, has made a number of interventions to support the development of the agriculture sector. [15], About 98 percent of the coffee was produced by peasants on smallholdings of less than a hectare, and the remaining 2 percent was produced by state farms. The third most important oilseed is sesame, which grows at elevations from sea level to about 1,500 meters. Individual poultry farms supply eggs and meat to urban dwellers. The Ethiopian Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Enterprise, which handled about 75 percent of Ethiopia's exports of fruits and vegetables in 198485, had to receive government subsidies because of losses. juice processing, milling machines, extruders for soybean oil). The GOE has an ambitious plan to attain wheat self-sufficiency and halt importations. Recurring drought takes a heavy toll on the animal population, although it is difficult to determine the extent of losses. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Ethiopian potato cultivars, and to assess their relationship with germplasm from North America, Europe and the International Potato Center (CIP), 8303 SNP markers were used to characterize 44 local Ethiopian cultivars, as well as . The clearing of land for agricultural use and the cutting of trees for fuel gradually changed the scene, and today forest areas have dwindled to less than 4% of Ethiopia's total land. Therefore, investment in commercial farming requires considerable due diligence. A major subsistence crop, barley is used as food and in the production of tella, a locally produced beer. Among the popular games on the grasslands, football (introduced via schools) tends to replace the traditional qarsa game. Public Communication Directorate Tel: +251-116-454441 Fax:+251-116-461294/465412 E-Mail:eiar@eiar.gov.et P.O.Box: 2003 Addis Ababa Ethiopia , Designed & Developed By Yonas T/birhan University students led the land reform movement and campaigned against the government's reluctance to introduce land reform programs and the lack of commitment to integrated rural development. Ploughing the land using these tools is ambiguous and time-consuming.