So that's a measurement difference of 100 percent of performance. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. That said, if you hear one or two pieces of music that you really love, feel free to email us at [emailprotected] and well do our best to respond to your request. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Just saying hello was difficult. If you're bilingual or multilingual, you may have noticed that different languages make you stretch in different ways. VEDANTAM: If languages are shaped by the way people see the world, but they also shape how people see the world, what does this mean for people who are bilingual? Bu No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. They're more likely to see through this little game that language has played on them. But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. June 20, 2020 This week on Hidden Brain, research about prejudices so deeply buried, we often doubt their existence. You can also connect directly with our sponsorship representative by emailing [emailprotected]. So to go back to the example we were just talking about - people who don't use words like left and right - when I gave those picture stories to Kuuk Thaayorre speakers, who use north, south, east and west, they organized the cards from east to west. It seems kind of elliptical, like, would it be possible that I obtained? All of the likes and, like, literallies (ph) might sometimes grate on your nerves, but John McWhorter says the problem might be with you, not with the way other people speak. ), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy, 2004. And to arrive in a new place where you can't tell a joke and can't express an idea - oh, it's just really painful because you feel like your whole self is hiding inside and no one can see it. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. podcast pages. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. And then 10 years later when they're 49, you say, well, that picture of you at 39 is what you really are and whatever's happened to you since then is some sort of disaster or something that shouldn't have happened. So that, again, is a huge difference. And dead languages never change, and some of us might prefer those. He says there are things we can do to make sure our choices align with our deepest values. So some languages don't have number words. And it really is an illusion that what language is, is something that sits still. BORODITSKY: So quite literally, to get past hello, you have to know which way you're heading. They're supposed to be painting something very personal. And in fact, speakers of languages like this have been shown to orient extremely well - much better than we used to think humans could. They believe that their language reflects the true structure of the world. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often untranslatable. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. BORODITSKY: The way to say my name properly in Russian is (speaking foreign language), so I don't make people say that. You have to do it in order to fit into the culture and to speak the language. As soon as you move the leg, it becomes a different leg. VEDANTAM: So I want to talk about a debate that's raged in your field for many years. For example, when we started talking about navigation, that's an example where a 5-year-old in a culture that uses words like north, south, east and west can point southeast without hesitation. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. And then he would take a Polaroid of the kid and say, well, this is you. All sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain are managed by SXM Media. I think that the tone that many people use when they're complaining that somebody says Billy and me went to the store is a little bit incommensurate with the significance of the issue. The size of this effect really quite surprised me because I would have thought at the outset that, you know, artists are these iconoclasts. So there are these wonderful studies by Alexander Giora where he asked kids learning Finnish, English and Hebrew as their first languages basically, are you a boy or a girl? VEDANTAM: (Laughter) All right, I think it might be time for me to confess one of my pet peeves. Each language comprises the ideas that have been worked out in a culture over thousands of generations, and that is an incredible amount of cultural heritage and complexity of thought that disappears whenever a language dies. - so one skull but two different minds, and you shift from one to the other. Of course that's how you BORODITSKY: And so what was remarkable for me was that my brain figured out a really good solution to the problem after a week of trying, right? What Makes Lawyers Happy? MCWHORTER: Thank you for having me, Shankar. And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. They can be small differences but important in other ways. Time now for "My Unsung Hero," our series from the team at Hidden Brain telling the stories of . So you can't know how the words are going to come out, but you can take good guesses. It's as if you saw a person - I'm not going to say at 4 because then the person is growing up, and if I use that analogy then it seems like I'm saying that language grows up or it moves toward something or it develops. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. There are signs it's getting even harder. VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. VEDANTAM: I want to talk in the second half of our conversation about why the meanings of words change, but I want to start by talking about how they change. Hidden Brain. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you, realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to, eat. FDA blocks human trials for Neuralink brain implants. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. That's the way words are, too. Take the word bridge - if it's feminine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are beautiful and elegant. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe watching Netflix or something. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more elusive the harder we chase it, and what we can do instead to build a lasting sense of contentment. It's just how I feel. The categorization that language provides to you becomes real, becomes psychologically real. So when I ask you to, say, imagine a man walking down the street, well, in your imagery, you're going to have some details completed and some will be left out. MCWHORTER: Exactly. It is a great, free way to engage the podcast community and increase the visibility of your podcasts. VEDANTAM: Our conversation made me wonder about what this means on a larger scale. VEDANTAM: Many of us have dictionaries at home or at work, John. But what I am thinking is, you should realize that even if you don't like it, there's nothing wrong with it in the long run because, for example, Jonathan Swift didn't like it that people were saying kissed instead of kiss-ed (ph) and rebuked instead of rebuk-ed (ph). al, Group Decision and Negotiation, 2008. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. ADAM COLE, BYLINE: (Singing) You put your southwest leg in, and you shake it all about. Hidden Brain - Transcripts Hidden Brain - Transcripts Subscribe 435 episodes Share Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. And one day, I was walking along, and I was just staring at the ground. Those sorts things tend to start with women. You know, lots of people blow off steam about something they think is wrong, but very few people are willing to get involved and do something about it. So when the perfect woman started writing him letters, it seemed too good to be true. We convince a colleague to take a different tactic at work. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. VEDANTAM: You make the case that concerns over the misuse of language might actually be one of the last places where people can publicly express prejudice and class differences. VEDANTAM: I understand there's been some work looking at children and that children who speak certain languages are actually quicker to identify gender and their own gender than children who are learning other languages in other cultures. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. And if people heard the sounds a little differently and produced them a little differently, if there were new meanings of words - very quickly whatever the original meaning was wouldn't be remembered. If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. And you say that dictionaries in some ways paint an unrealistic portrait of a language. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. And I can't help surmising that part of it is that the educated American has been taught and often well that you're not supposed to look down on people because of gender, because of race, because of ability. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. JERRY SEINFELD: (As Jerry Seinfeld) The second button literally makes or breaks the shirt. And then question 21 was, is this person a man or a woman? And we're all going to have feelings like that. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? And if that is true, then the educated person can look down on people who say Billy and me went to the store or who are using literally, quote, unquote, "wrong" and condemn them in the kinds of terms that once were ordinary for condemning black people or women or what have you. And as odd as that sounds, I can guarantee you if you watch any TV show with women under a certain age or if you just go out on an American street and listen, you'll find that that's a new kind of exclamatory particle. Copyright 2018 NPR. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, by Guy Itzchakov, Harry Reis, and Netta Weinstein, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2021. If you're a monolingual speaker of one of these languages, you're very likely to say that the word chair is masculine because chairs are, in fact, masculine, right? GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way. What do you think the implications are - if you buy the idea that languages are a very specific and unique way of seeing the world, of perceiving reality, what are the implications of so many languages disappearing during our time? But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. And I was telling this person about someone I knew back in America. Hidden Brain Claim By Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Podcasts RSS Web PODCAST SEARCH EPISODES COMMUNITY PODCASTER EDIT SHARE Listen Score LS 84 Global Rank TOP 0.01% ABOUT THIS PODCAST Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. - you would have to say something like, my arm got broken, or it so happened to me that my arm is broken. I'm Shankar Vedanta. : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. And so I set myself the goal that I would learn English in a year, and I wouldn't speak Russian to anyone for that whole first year. But what if there's a whole category of people in your life whose impact is overlooked? This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to sav, Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #9: (Speaking German). What we think of today as a word undergoing some odd development or people using some new construction is exactly how Latin turned into French. Imagine how we would sound to them if they could hear us. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. I had this cool experience when I was there. Yes! And if you can enjoy it as a parade instead of wondering why people keep walking instead of just sitting on chairs and blowing on their tubas and not moving, then you have more fun. BORODITSKY: Well, there may not be a word for left to refer to a left leg. We use a lot of music on the show! But, if you dig a little deeper, you may find that they share much more: they might make the same amount of money as you, or share the, We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. But it's a lovely example of how language can guide you to discover something about the world that might take you longer to discover if you didn't have that information in language. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. BORODITSKY: Yeah. So it's mendokusai. But I find that people now usually use the word to mean very soon, as in we're going to board the plane momentarily. Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Andrew J. Elliot, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999. You're also not going to do algebra. VEDANTAM: This episode of HIDDEN BRAIN was produced by Rhaina Cohen, Maggie Penman and Thomas Lu with help from Renee Klahr, Jenny Schmidt, Parth Shah and Chloe Connelly. VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. to describe the world. I just don't want to do it. So it's, VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly. Now, in a lot of languages, you can't say that because unless you were crazy, and you went out looking to break your arm, and you succeeded - right? This week on Hidden Brain, we explore how unconscious bias can infect a culture and how a police shooting may say as much about a community as it does about individuals. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. Transcript The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. But what if it's not even about lust? UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #5: (Speaking foreign language). HIDDEN BRAIN < Lost in Translation: January 29, 20189:00 PM ET VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. So if the word for death was masculine in your language, you were likely to paint death as a man. You-uh (ph). This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. After claiming your Listen Notes podcast pages, you will be able to: Respond to listener comments on Listen Notes, Use speech-to-text techniques to transcribe your show and (SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "PARKS AND RECREATION"). We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness Why do some companies become household names, while others flame out? She shows how our conversational styles can cause We all know casual sex isn't about love. Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. It's inherent. I'm Shankar Vedantam. This is Hidden Brain. But I don't think that it's always clear to us that language has to change in that things are going to come in that we're going to hear as intrusions or as irritating or as mistakes, despite the fact that that's how you get from, say, old Persian to modern Persian. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. You may also use the Hidden Brain name in invitations sent to a small group of personal contacts for such purposes as a listening club or discussion forum. I want everybody to have the fun I'm having. You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. Official Website Airs on: SUN 7pm-8pm 55:27 Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Feb 27 Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. That hadn't started then. So you can't see time. It's part of a general running indication that everything's OK between you and the other person, just like one's expected to smile a little bit in most interactions. Newsletter: Read the episode transcript. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Shelly. BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. So LOL was an internet abbreviation meaning laugh out loud or laughing out loud, but LOL in common usage today doesn't necessarily mean hysterical laughter. I just don't want to do it. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into. We always knew that certain species of animals had abilities to orient that we thought were better than human, and we always had some biological excuse for why we couldn't do it. And they suggest that differences across languages do, in fact, predict some of these measures of gender equality across countries. And I would really guess that in a few decades men will be doing it, too. Language was talk. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. MCWHORTER: Yeah. So you might say, there's an ant on your northwest leg. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. If you liked . And they said, well, of course. And you can even teach people to have a little bit of fun with the artifice. But it's so hard to feel that partly because our brains are on writing, as I say in the book. Just go to the magnifying glass in the top right corner, click on it, and use the search function at the top of the page. What turns out to be the case is that it's something in between - that bilinguals don't really turn off the languages they're not using when they're not using them. VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. And nobody wishes that we hadn't developed our modern languages today from the ancient versions. So you may start with moving your southwest leg in, but then you have to move your northeast leg out. In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. In the final episode of our "Mind Reading 2.0" series, we bring back one of our favorite conversations, with linguist Deborah Tannen. BORODITSKY: Well, I think it's a terrible tragedy. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. This week, we launch the first of a two-part mini-series on the scie, If you think about the people in your life, it's likely that they share a lot in common with you. Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. VEDANTAM: How the languages we speak shape the way we think and why the words we use are always in flux. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. In The Air We Breathe . BORODITSKY: Thank you so much for having me. Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. As you're going about your day, you likely interact with family, friends and coworkers. All rights reserved. Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. Well, if you have a word like that and if it's an intensifier of that kind, you can almost guess that literally is going to come to mean something more like just really. Whats going on here? So maybe they're saying bridges are beautiful and elegant, not because they're grammatically feminine in the language, but because the bridges they have are, in fact, more beautiful and elegant. In this month's Radio Replay, we ask whether the structure of the languages we speak can change the way we see the world. If you can speak more than one language, does this mean that you're also simultaneously and constantly shifting in your mind between different worldviews? You can't know, but you can certainly know that if could listen to people 50 years from now, they'd sound odd. I'm Shankar Vedantam, and you're listening to HIDDEN BRAIN. We can't help, as literate people, thinking that the real language is something that sits still with letters written all nice and pretty on a page that can exist for hundreds of years, but that's not what language has ever been. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and ho, Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more el, When we want something very badly, it can be hard to see warning signs that might be obvious to other people.
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