The instrument was a success in terms of cooling tensions between the states which seemed increasingly likely to come to blows. It can help the riparian states outline principles, rights, and obligations for cooperative management of the resources of the Nile. On Feb. 26, Ethiopia temporarily suspended its . Indeed, Egypt has called the filling of the dam an. Egypts main argument might be that, despite being unsatisfactory and anachronistic, the Nile Waters Treaties remain good law and are enforceable against the respective parties. Whittington, D. et al. In fact, about 85 % of the overall Nile flow originates on Ethiopian territory (Swain, 2011). Von Lossow, T. & Roll, S. (2015). An unsubscribe function is also at the bottom of every newsletter. 67K views 6 months ago ETIOPIA The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, on the Blue Nile, is located around 14 km upstream of the Ethiopian-Sudan Border, at around 700 km from the Capital. The GDP per capita in Ethiopia is only $475. Owned and operated by the Ethiopian Electric Power company, the 145-m-tall roller-compacted concrete gravity dam . Ethiopia could argue that those imperial powers did not foresee the decolonisation of Africa and that this represented a watershed event that profoundly changed the foundation on which the Nile Water Treaties were constructed. Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam: Ending Africa's Oldest Geopolitical Rivalry? The above-mentioned Gilgel Gibe III Dam stood out as the worlds most controversial dam until the GERD. As early as 1957, Ethiopian officials said that the Somalian economy could not survive on its own given how heavily dependent it was on Ethiopia. These are two of the largest dams in Africa. The US has revived diplomatic efforts to resolve the dispute sparked by Ethiopia's Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) project on the Nile. A general view of the Blue Nile river as it passes through the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), near Guba in Ethiopia, on December 26, 2019. It's very unpredictable and it can be very dangerous," says Pottinger. The disadvantages for Egypt and Sudan are the possibility of reduced river flow, although this is only really a problem during the years of filling the dam. An optimistic trend among todays African commentators focuses primarily on economic growth rates and pays little attention to human tolls, questions of transparency and accountability, and the sustainability of growth. Given the fact that the conflict between Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan over the GERD seems to be among the most pressing issues in the region, it might be advisable for emphasis to be placed on securing a trilateral agreement that secures the peace between these three countries first. Cairo Controversy prevailed in the Egyptian public opinion, after Deltares, a Dutch advisory institute, announced on Sept. 15 its withdrawal from a study to assess the risks that the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which is under construction on the Blue Nile, can cause to Egypt and Sudan. Ultimately, however, Egypt did not sign the CFA (nor did Sudan) hence it does not resolve the dispute. Even in 2023, there are only 46 state parties, with key actors such as the US, Canada and Brazil remaining outside the Conventions regime. to hydrate farmland), it would effectively be taken from downstream states like Egypt. Workers move iron girders from a crane at the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), near Guba, Ethiopia, on Dec. 26, 2019. Thus, as with the Watercourses Convention and the CFA, the DoP does not offer a clear legal resolution to the dispute. Churning waters: Strategic shifts in the Nile basin. The Dam is used to generate electricity and went into partial operation in 2022. However, as noted above, the trouble with relying on the DoP is that its legal status is not clearly defined. Construction of the 6,000-megawatt, US $5 billion Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) began . Such an understanding and appreciation of Egypts water vulnerability would help the riparians develop a water management protocol that can significantly enhance equitable and reasonable use while minimizing significant harm to downstream riparians. What are the disadvantages of the Aswan Dam? The GERD has the potential to act both as driver for conflict, but also for cooperation. At this point, though, the GERD is nearly completed, and so Egypt has shifted its position to trying to secure a political agreement over the timetable for filling the GERDs reservoir and how the GERD will be managed, particularly during droughts. These conflicts could take the form of international armed conflicts (between states), non-international armed conflicts between a group and a state, or conflicts between non-state groups. It will be the largest hydropower project in Africa. Egypt accuses. What Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia must overcome to all benefit from the Grand Renaissance Dam. Egypt relies on the river for as much as 90 percent of its freshwater and sees the new dam as an existential . It has also expressed concerns about the potential impact the initial filling of the dam will have on areas downstream. The GERD and the Revival of the Egyptian-Sudanese Dispute over the Nile Waters. Ethiopia, whose highlands supply more than 85 percent of the water that flows into the Nile River, has long argued that it has the right to utilize its natural resources to address widespread poverty and improve the living standards of its people. This is good news for Egypt and Sudan as hydropower means little actual water withdrawal. Ethiopia's determination to build a major new dam, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), for hydropower purposes has been the flashpoint of current conflicts in the Eastern Nile Basin (Gebreluel, 2014). In my opinion, this should be negotiable, to fill the lake over a longer period, and only when the river is sufficiently full. Rendering of GERDEthiopia is building one of the largest dams in the world, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), on the River Nile near the Sudan border. The disadvantages for Egypt and Sudan are the possibility of reduced river flow, although this is only really a problem during the years of filling the dam. (2014). The toll on the local communities affected by the dams has been enormous. Many historical grievances and distrust remain on the Ethiopian side regarding Egypt (Gebreluel, 2014), with some Ethiopian journalists assessing the 'Declaration of Principles' as being more in favour of Egypt than Ethiopia (Zegabi East Africa News, 2015). Egyptian players abroad: Mostafa Mohamed's Nantes defeated at PSG, Trezeguet.. Italy Serie A results & fixtures (25th matchday), Egypts Prosecution investigates Hoggpool, Six European nations express concern over growing violence in Palestinian territories, Egyptian Premier League fixtures (21st matchday), US official says Biden expected to tighten rules on US investment in China. Why the Nile could see a 'water war'. No water at all was allocated to Ethiopia. In terms of the current status of talks, in 2019, US Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin began facilitating negotiations between Egypt and Ethiopia which led to some tentative progress. The Danger of Multi-Party Democracy and Free Elections in Plural Societies Recognizing the Muslim Brotherhood as a Legitimate Player in Egyptian Politics was a Big Mistake Ethiopian Partnering with ASKY to Establish West African Cargo Hub Ethiopia and China's ZTE singed $800 million mobile deal H and M to build factories in Ethiopia July 26, 2022. Ethiopia should get its fair share of water that originates in Ethiopia. A significant segment of local opinion is also aware of the well-known problems that come with mega-dams wherever they are built, among them population displacements and resettlement, reductions in the quality of life, the spread of waterborne diseases, salinisation and the loss of productive and profitable lands, more intense competition over the remaining available land, and losses of cultural and historic heritage. The writer is a professor of political science at the UAEs Zayed and Cairo universities, *A version of this article appears in print in the 9 July, 2020 edition ofAl-Ahram Weekly, Spain La Liga results & fixtures (24th matchday). Ethiopian general threatens military force to defend Nile dam as negotiations with Egypt falter. Challenges for water sharing in the Nile basin: changing geo-politics and changing climate. Link, P.M. et al. Despite the intense disagreements, though, Ethiopia continues to move forward with the dam, arguing that the hydroelectric project will significantly improve livelihoods in the region more broadly. Review a brief history of copyright in the United States. Sudans agricultural and hydropower interests align with those of Ethiopia while it has a strong interest in not alienating its 'big brother' and northern neighbour, Egypt, with whom it shares a long and partly contested border (Whittington et al., 2014). Nevertheless, it is important to take stock of the human costs, social problems, and lasting environmental impacts of this strategy which have already drawn considerable criticism and concern. The 6,000-megawatt Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, shown here in May 2016, is scheduled to begin producing electricity in 2017. Both citizens and governments should be made part of the solution to the water-related conflicts that now threaten peace and security in the Nile Basin. It also codified the principles of equitable and reasonable utilisation and no significant harm (essentially importing from the Watercourses Convention). L'Europe en Formation, 365(3), 99-138. This article quantifies the major benefits of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project for Sudan and Egypt based on GERDP technical design and quantitative analysis. Article IV of the DoP provides that the parties shall utilize their shared water resources in their respective territories in an equitable and reasonable manner and Article III provides that the parties shall take all appropriate measures to prevent the causing of significant harm in utilizing the Blue/Main Nile. Ethiopia can make a strong case that the operation of the Dam complies with each principle. In general, the Ethiopian development philosophy rests on two pillars: mega-dams and mega-agricultural projects. The researchers looked at the dynamic interactions between the Nile's hydrology and infrastructure and Egypt's economy. The three fillings hitherto, with the most recent in August 2022, imposed no discernible harm on downstream states. These parallel developments appear to be elements of a bigger hydro-political strategy wherein the riparian countries aim to increase their water utilisation to put facts on the ground (and underpin legal claims based on those uses) and increase their bargaining position for renegotiations of volumetric water allocations. But with a generation capacity of 6.45GW, the Ethiopian government quoted the project as vital to the country's economic growth. The strategy and its surrounding narrative have attracted large influxes of foreign investment in the Ethiopian agrarian sector, with multi-million dollar leases of agricultural land to foreigners generally linked to irrigation projects planned in tandem with the construction of the dam. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a 6000 MW hydropower project on the Blue Nile, which the Ethiopian government plans to build to fulfill the country's energy needs. Nile Basins GERD dispute creates risks for Egypt, Sudan, and beyond. The announcement on Friday comes a day after Ethiopia said it had launched power production from the second turbine at the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Turning then to Ethiopia. Salman, S.M.A. Addis Ababa expects to sell no less than 4,000 Megawatts (MW) of electricity to its regional partners in the coming decade.
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