Global Indicator of Writting Expression Competence, Global Indicator of Mathematics Comprehension. There will be 3 rounds to the activity where your role will change with each round. The . Use modeling, teacher-led, and independent practice with feedback to help students build accuracy with a new skill. trailer <]/Prev 326416/XRefStm 1027>> startxref 0 %%EOF 2235 0 obj <>stream What is the pre employment test for Canada Post? At risk. This coefficient represents the extent to which the NWF CLS score is related to important reading outcomes. Then, in Dibels, what does NWF CLS mean? The program was developed at the University of Oregon and is used to help teachers identify struggling . Anton Du Bekes twins are how old they are? mCLASS is a universal screener that measures the development of reading skills of all students in grades K-5 through two main assessments: Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) and the Text Reading Comprehension (TRC) assessments. Grades 4-6 added in 2007. These handouts are designed to be sent home following each benchmark period. Use the constant values for the missing subtest/s score/s. They are designed to be short (one minute) fluency measures that can be used to regularly detect risk and monitor the development of early literacy and early reading skills in kindergarten through eighth grade. 0000002328 00000 n What are the Microsoft Word shortcut keys? Title IX, other applicable laws, and policies. Third grade goals are 77, 92 and 110 at the beginning, middle and end-of-year points respectively. FREE. Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) tests your knowledge of basic letter-sound correspondences as well as your ability to blend letter sounds into consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) and vowel-consonant (VC) words. 'rBN/K\)=>J/D.mx6q_^y4|> Vi>;Tr> G :< 44 wpm Grade level targets for a student to achieve are: 1st grade: 44 wpm (words per minute). Text Reading Comprehension What is NWF? Wl03-hI.m[=-lv;q_` #J DIBELS are measures that help teachers and schools determine how students are performing on important reading skills. Assesses student knowledge of basic letter-sounds and the ability to blend letter sounds into nonsense words DORF DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency Measure of the ability to read words accurately, effortlessly Calculating Accuracy: o The formula is the median number of words read correctly divided by the median number of correct words plus incorrect words (or total words read), times 100. Children who meet the goal are on track for reading success and the ability to comprehend text. 15 <= NWF < 25. The final combined sample included approximately 2,765,000 students from 8,805 schools within 2,211 school districts in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, representing every census region in the United States. Assessments of nonsense word fluency begins in the winter of kindergarten with students needing to meet the DIBELS benchmarks score level to be on track for literacy skills. The DIBELS measures were specifically designed to assess three of the five components of early literacy: Phonemic Awareness, Alphabetic Principle (Phonics), and fluency with text. The ability to segment two to four phoneme words into individual phonemes is measured by PSF. The goal for a first grader in the winter on the NWF assessment is 43 correct letter sequences (cls) and 8 whole word read (wwr). The DIBELS Next Composite Score and the benchmark goals and cut points for }] W\Tap1QhP5 V%t@ b# @:cg08(__Nyq[WAc1X|>67/77~O_!mn^n{iO7?~xx[qSj2 . Office of Special Education Programs, If yes, what technology is required to implement your tool? isolationorinthecontextofthenonsense! While some students are reading before elementary school, true fluency may not occur until second, third or a later grade for some children. It is not a reading program. These nonsense words are letter sequences that are pronounceable and follow regular phonetic rules, but they have no meaning, such as bif, yom, or mig. Overview of the Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity, Behavior Supports for Intensive Intervention, Intensive Intervention & Special Education, How can we Ensure IEP Teams Provide the Most Intensive Supports, Supporting Students with Disabilities at School and Home, Intensive Intervention & English Learners, Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity: Considerations for English Learners, Intensive Intervention & Virtual Delivery, Going Virtual: Considerations for Adjusting DBI, Using Sample Lessons to Support Continuity of Learning, Intensive Intervention Infographics for Families, Using Sample Lessons for Continuity of Learning, Strengthening Intensive Intervention Preparation: A Guide for Faculty, Stanford Achievement Test: 10th Edition (SAT-10), Cut Points - Percentile rank on criterion measure, Cut Points - Performance score on criterion measure, Cut Points - Corresponding performance score (numeric) on screener measure, AUC Estimates 95% Confidence Interval: Lower Bound, AUC Estimates 95% Confidence Interval: Upper Bound. The intent is to develop generalizable benchmark goals and cut points that are relevant and appropriate for a wide variety of reading outcomes, across a wide variety of states and regions, and for diverse groups of students. The term can also refer to the act of putting alcohol or drugs on ones buttocks in order to become inebriated. ={q>1v``a8!e cCQk N&)v}3'-rW&IxD:|d4i]s%=A6!>[_9T%3-'mK[7V@9))kg$1E.U5R3nY5+::$ij B,T `#R@70$*i. The scores are indicated by the icon of the running child. NWF is not administered at the end of second grade, so concurrent validity could not be calculated. You will want to use this data (as well as other data available to you) to group students into skill-based groups. 1400 Crystal Drive, 10th Floor Arlington, VA 22202 Correct Letter Sounds Correct Letter Sounds. Subtract the errors from the total and record the words read correctly . The student receives a point for WWR only if the student's first and only response for that word is correct and complete. Teachers can't wait that long to assess a student's reading skills. NWF is only administered at the beginning of year in grade 2. 0000000576 00000 n DIBELS were designed for use in identifying children experiencing difficulty in A benchmark goal indicates a level of skill where the student is likely to achieve the next DIBELS benchmark goal or reading outcome. The goal for the student is to complete 13 or more correct answers. If the student read /di/ /f/ or "dif", the score would also be 3. The DIBELS measures were specifically designed to assess three of the five components of early literacy: Phonemic Awareness, Alphabetic Principle (Phonics), and fluency with text. endstream endobj 728 0 obj <>stream If your program requires additional technology not listed above, please describe the required technology and the extent to which it is combined with teacher small-group instruction/intervention: If the student does not get any sounds correct in words 1-5, discontinue the task and record a score of 0. (NWF) Word Reading Fluency (WRF) *In the table(s) below, report the results of the reliability analyses described above (e.g., internal consistency or inter-rater reliability coefficients). Finally, we established the benchmark goals and cut points for risk for beginning-of-year NWF CLS using the middle-of-year NWF CLS goal as an internal criterion (see pp. This coefficient represents the extent to which the NWF CLS score is related to important reading outcomes. This skill is a strong predictor of future reading success in young children, which is administered in kindergarten and first grade. DIBELS stands for Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills. The Correct Letter Sounds (CLS) is the number of letter sounds produced correctly. Oral reading fluency refers to the ability to read connected text with ease, accuracy, and expression. NWF-WRC measures basic phonics and blending skills. The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) help to identify whether a child will struggle with reading and to identify the child's current reading level. 4Fb F531 DIBELS was developed based on Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM), which were created by Deno and colleagues through the Institute for Research and Learning Disabilities at the University of Minnesota in the 1970s-80s (e.g., Deno and Mirkin, 1977; Deno, 1985; Deno and Fuchs, 1987; Shinn, 1989). The predictive validity coefficients reported below represent the correlations between NWF CLS in the first year (year 1) and the students' scores on ORF Words Correct at the end of the following year (year 2). Most data-management services will calculate the DIBELS Composite Score for you. Visit us on Twitter. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. DIBELS Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) is a standardized, individually-administered test of the alphabetic principle including letter-sound correspondence and of the ability to blend letters into words in which letters represent their most common sounds. Most tools and programs evaluated by the NCII are branded products which have been submitted by the companies, organizations, or individuals that disseminate these products. CTL is committed to working diligently on the continuous improvement of DIBELS and provide DIBELS users with the best and most informative data on their readers as possible. At the beginning of second grade, students still need to be at or above 50 with intervention provided for children below that until they reach goals. Let's take a look at a few students. If yes, fill in data for each subgroup with disaggregated reliability of the slope data. The placement of the running child indicates where your student is, and the level of support they require. For example, if the stimulus word is mip the student could say /m/ /i/ /p/ or say the word /mip/ to obtain a total of three correct letter sounds (CLS). In DIBELS 6th Edition, the Instructional Recommendations provided the best overall estimate of the student's early literacy skills and/or reading proficiency. 0000003297 00000 n Summary Report - DIBELS Next District: Quincy School District School: Pioneer Elementary Grade: Second Grade Year: 2012-2013 Need For Support: Former Goals Abbreviation Legend: SD: Standard Deviation of the Mean Measure Beginning Middle End NWF-CLS Goal: 54 Students Tested 66 Mean (SD) 86.8 (28.4) 88% at or above benchmark 9% below benchmark What is a good DIBELS score for 1st grade? First grade goals fall, winter and spring are 24, 50 and 50 respectively. Most tools and programs evaluated by the NCII are branded products which have been submitted by the companies, organizations, or individuals that disseminate these products. Following a model and a practice item, the student is presented with a sheet of randomly ordered VC and CVC nonsense words (e.g., dif, ik, nop). CLS (Correct Letter Sounds) WWR (Whole Words Read). The DIBELS Composite Score is a combination of multiple DIBELS scores and provides the best overall . Although DIBELS materials were initially developed to be linked to the local curriculum (Kaminski & Good, 1996), current DIBELS measures are generic and do not draw content from any specific curriculum. The Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation (GRADE; Williams, 2001), a high- quality, nationally norm-referenced assessment, was used as an external criterion in the Benchmark Goal Study. The NWF measure takes about 2 minutes to administer and has over 20 alternate forms, per grade, for monitoring progress. DIBELS are comprised of seven measures to function as indicators of phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle, accuracy and fluency with connected text, reading comprehension, and vocabulary. Predictive validity for grade 1 is (a) the correlation between beginning-of-year NWF CLS in year 1 and end-of-year ORF Words Correct in year 2 and (b) the correlation between middle-of-year NWF CLS in year 1 and end-of-year ORF Words Correct in year 2. Click Go. Acadience Learning: Customer support is available from 8:00am to 5:00pm PST, Monday through Friday by phone, email, or through Acadience Learning's website; Voyager Sopris: Customer support is available 8:00am to 6:00pm CST, Monday through Friday by phone, email, or through the Voyager Sopris website. Students continue to be assessed until the beginning of second grade. If criterion-referenced, describe procedure for specifying criterion for adequate growth and benchmarks for end-of-year performance levels. and gender expression in all programs, activities and employment practices as required by What is the most popular souvenir in Singapore? When used correctly it can help teachers plan . v\GMyC. What kind of dolphins live in Southern California? Getting Ready to Implement Intensive Intervention, Lessons Learned from NCIIs First 5 Years, Clarifying Questions to Create a Hypothesis, Progress Monitoring Data Collection & Graphing Tool, Intensifying Literacy Instruction: Essential Practices, Intensive Intervention in Reading Course Content, Intensive Intervention in Mathematics Course Content, Behavior Support for Intensive Intervention Course Content. DIBELS Composite Score: A combination of multiple DIBELS scores, which provides the best overall estimate of the student's reading proficiency. For example, the tester would give a student the word "cat" with the instruction that the student needs to say each individual sound in the word. What kind of butterfly is a orange and black caterpillar. When a student provides multiple responses for the same item on LNF, ORF, or Correct Letter Sounds (CLS) from NWF, the responses are treated as self . Seattle Pi: What Do Teachers Do With Students' DIBELS Reading Assessment Results. Benchmark cut points, as well as cut points for intensive intervention, are available at https://dibels.uoregon.edu/docs/marketplace/dibels/DIBELS-6Ed-Goals.pdf. Overview of the Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity, Behavior Supports for Intensive Intervention, Intensive Intervention & Special Education, How can we Ensure IEP Teams Provide the Most Intensive Supports, Supporting Students with Disabilities at School and Home, Intensive Intervention & English Learners, Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity: Considerations for English Learners, Intensive Intervention & Virtual Delivery, Going Virtual: Considerations for Adjusting DBI, Using Sample Lessons to Support Continuity of Learning, Intensive Intervention Infographics for Families, Using Sample Lessons for Continuity of Learning, Strengthening Intensive Intervention Preparation: A Guide for Faculty. H0F^RGFCVa B K 4 W\;j @f! 1;4, )4@ BQ @ f!0^8w%$0Gsa>:`_@8+:m^A;9pP,];0mS@ CA^VQ4+ d'+HQY8fF Communicate DIBELS Next assessment results with parents using these Make, Take & Teach parent handouts. It is an assessment system designed to assess all students progress. !Thefinal!answer!is . Thirty five percent of schools were located in cities, 26% were located in suburbs, 12% were located in towns, and 27% were located in rural areas. 0000003893 00000 n 12/1/2016. First grade goals fall, winter and spring are 24, 50 and 50 respectively. Classroom teachers utilize progress monitoring throughout the year. What does CLS mean in DIBELS? Being able to say those individual sounds is an indicator for future reading success. Visit us on Facebook Pretentious diction is used to portray biases as impartial and scientific, whereas meaningless words are used to prevent the reader from seeing the point of the statement. 0000003211 00000 n First Sound Fluency (FSF): This assessment is given only in kindergarten and only at the first and second benchmark period. Use explicit instruction with examples. For example, if the nonsense word was . Each grade has an oral reading fluency goal with testing that begins in the middle of first grade. 0000023169 00000 n Phoneme segmentation fluency is first assessed in kindergarten around mid-year to all students. DIBELS are measures that help teachers and schools determine how students are performing on important reading skills. Use your district log-in. Correct Letter Sounds h\An0E$gl TeDTn4yJVX^6A%fl}^&jYSz_#f_qyn)\q;CC:fyk3S\QWbZV,vEY=1{:s:=B/+}\]r\k#0C"81! Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (PSF): This test is given in Kindergarten and the first testing period of first grade. To successfully complete the NWF task, students must rely on their knowledge of letter-sound correspondences and how to blend sounds into whole words. DIBELS 8th Edition is more useful for more students in more grades than ever before. How do you find the rational number between 3 and 4? NWF-CLS: Nonsense Word Fluency Correct Letter Sounds ORF-A: Oral Reading Fluency- Accuracy. Students receive an overall ranking of Intensive (Red), Strategic (Yellow), or Core (Green) to show what type of support is needed. Concurrent validity is the correlation between the NWF CLS score and the GRADE Total Test score, both administered at end of year. Teachers can use DIBELS results to help them design their overall instructional reading plan. Descriptive Information. George and Henrietta, Anton Du Bekes twins, are now four years old. Here is what DIBELS measures: We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Contact information, related policies, and complaint procedures are listed Is the, The woolly bear is a fuzzy, orange, and black caterpillar with a large head and a dull, yellow to orange moth that turns into a, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. First Sound Fluency (FSF) is a brief, direct measure of a students fluency in identifying the initial sounds in words. The DIBELS Initial Sounds Fluency (ISF) Measure is a standardized, individually administered measure of phonological awareness that assesses a childs ability to recognize and produce the initial sound in an orally presented word (Kaminski & Good, 1996, 1998; Laimon, 1994). 2222 0 obj <> endobj xref -5u@uc How do you calculate DIBELS oral reading fluency? (Select all that apply). There are two scores for NWF. Then, using the NWF CLS end-of-year goal as an internal criterion, we established the benchmark goals and cut points for risk for middle-of-year NWF CLS. 44-78) of the Acadience Reading K-6 Technical Manual. Data from the 2014-2015 school year were exported from three separate data management systems and combined into one data set. DIBELS 8th Edition represents the culmination of decades of research into supporting students in becoming successful readers. They are told if they can't read the whole word, they should say any sound they know. NWF-WWR: Nonsense Word Fluency Whole Words Read ORF-WRC: Oral Reading Fluency- Words Read Correctly. NCII administrators and members of our Technical Review Committees have reviewed the content on this page, but NCII cannot guarantee that this information is free from error or reflective of recent changes to the product. The benchmark goals reflected in these handouts are the benchmark goals proposed by the authors of the DIBELS Next assessment (Dynamic Measurement Group). DIBELS is one measure of reading ability that is standardized and used nationally in many schools kindergarten through 3 rd grade (in some cases it may go further, but this is less common). Tools and programs have the opportunity to be updated annually or upon request. dif . What is the Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity? What is the scariest road in North Carolina? Oral reading fluency assessment tests students on how many words they can read in one minute from a grade-level passage. The roles are: Examiner Student Observer When implemented as recommended, DIBELS results can be used to evaluate individual student development as well as provide grade-level feedback toward validated instructional objectives. DIBELS added measures of comprehension, including Maze. dibels.uoregon.edu Green subtests with blue composite: Some students who score near the top of the green (at benchmark) range on all subtests may end up with a composite score in the blue (above benchmark) range. What are DIBELS? PDF. Word fluency is a nonsense word. 0000001245 00000 n The most up-to-date and validated version of DIBELS. The number of correct letter sounds produced in 1 minute is known as the Correct Letter Sounds (CLS). The sounds are recorded under CLSand any whole words that the student is able to read are counted under the WWR. These entities supply the textual information shown above, but not the ratings accompanying the text. The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) help to identify whether a child will struggle with reading and to identify the child's current reading level. We frequently break words into syllables when teaching phonemic awareness. Finally, students with skills at or above benchmark at the end of the year have odds in favor of having adequate reading skills on a wide variety of external measures of reading proficiency. What are the DIBELS subtests? Text Reading and Comprehension. Use precise, simple language to introduce key concepts and procedures. 3. No, the midsize Honda Accord has standard front-wheel drive (FWD) and there are currently no AWD options available. 0000003096 00000 n This DIBELS assessment tests whether a child can break a word into its individual sounds. Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) - Correct Letter Sounds (CLS) 20+ 36+ 49+ 47+ 78+ 87+ 86+ 103+ 117+ 121+ 138+ 141+ 19 35 25 48 31 46 30 77 52 86 55 85 50 . NWF-CLS: Nonsense Word Fluency - Correct Letter Sounds ORF-A: Oral Reading Fluency- Accuracy. While individual scores help teachers know who is struggling with a specific skill, the average scores of the group help teachers determine the approach they need to take with the entire class. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. If the student does not say any correct letter sounds in the first row, the assessment is discontinued and a score of 0 is recorded. To put it another way, how well a student can segment a spoken word into basic sound segments or phonemes? If yes, fill in data for each subgroup with disaggregated reliability data. *In the table below, report the results of the validity analyses described above (e.g., concurrent or predictive validity, evidence based on response processes, evidence based on internal structure, evidence based on relations to other variables, and/or evidence based on consequences of testing), and the criterion measures. Teachers can't wait that long to assess a student's reading skills. Local representation (please describe, including number of states). Most data-management services will calculate the DIBELS Composite Score for you. 0000001027 00000 n The program was developed at the University of Oregon and is used to help teachers identify struggling readers to provide early intervention by using the assessment results. Combined, the measures form an assessment system of early literacy development that allows educators to readily and reliably determine student progress in kindergarten through eighth grade. In many ways, the DIBELS 8th Edition does not look all that different from prior editions of DIBELS, including DIBELS Next. How do I check my child support status in Texas? Cut points for intensive intervention are addressed in this application. The DIBELS Composite Score is a combination of multiple DIBELS scores and provides the best overall estimate of the students early literacy skills and/or reading proficiency. NCII administrators and members of our Technical Review Committees have reviewed the content on this page, but NCII cannot guarantee that this information is free from error or reflective of recent changes to the product. What are the principles architectural types of Islam? (WRC), words Sounded Out and Recoded (SOR), and Whole Words Read (WWR). 2222 14 $&mz>W { Questions may be referred to the Concurrent validity is the correlation between the NWF CLS score and the GRADE Total Test score, both administered at end of year. The only exception is the Whole Words Read (WWR) score from NWF. . At the beginning of the second grade year, the student oral reading fluency goal is 44 words per minute, the mid-year goal is 68 and the end-of-year goal is 90 words per minute. By the end of first grade they are at risk if they are reading below 40 words. NWF is not administered at the end of second grade, so concurrent validity could not be calculated. The measures are consistent with many of the Common Core State Standards in Reading, especially those for Foundational Skills. Correct Letter Sounds CLS (Correct Letter Sounds) WWR (Whole Words Read) Measure of the alphabetic. In the table below, report predictive validity of the slope (correlation between the slope and achievement outcome) by grade level (if relevant). Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) is a brief, direct measure of the alphabetic principle and basic phonics. What does DIBELS composite score mean? She was a classroom teacher for 12 years and became a national literacy consultant, traveling the country to work with state departments, school districts and at the school level to improve literacy instruction. NWF >= 25. What . If their DIBELS scoring is lower than 35, the teacher should provide immediate, intensive intervention. If they fall below that score, teachers are trained to provide immediate, small group or individual intervention. The test items used for NWF are phonetically regular make-believe (nonsense or pseudo) words. Today, we are going to listen for the first sound we hear in words. Also, I'm curious as to what Dibels . Overview of PSF (Phoneme Segmentation Fluency). that is senseless, foolish, or absurd. The Letter Naming Fluency (LNF) subtest is a test of related early literacy skills. DIBELS Nonsense Word Fluency Practice Activity Instructions for Completing the Activity: 1. h Words or language that have little or no meaning. hn0_o?J@Xm r$Z& Count and record the total number of errors. The first widely-available edition of DIBELS. CLS (Correct Letter Sounds) WWR (Whole Words Read) Measure of the alphabetic. The fundamental logic for developing the benchmark goals and cut points for risk was to begin with the external outcome goal and work backward in that step-by- step system. What is DIBELS? religion, marital status, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity, Research on DIBELS is conducted at the University of Oregon (UO) and began in the late 1980s. The use of generic CBM methodology is typically referred to as General Outcome Measurement (GOM) (Fuchs & Deno, 1994). Research and development are ongoing, including studies validating DIBELS 8th Edition as a dyslexia screener and creating new subtests for skills like encoding and initial sound identification. NWF < 15. Each subtest has been thoroughly researched and demonstrated to be a reliable and valid indicator of early literacy development. h|P04M*ltyUE&_l+KR`#L8bIV0db+I9IR0i$U T@xpU[0V2XWE^4=)Mr4Mr&p^&e=eA_Ww`#}0OiTBE^"~_QYE}e.gErj _p Include detail about the type of reliability data, statistic generated, and sample size and demographic information. Whole Words Read (WWR) is the number of "make-believe" words read correctly as a whole word without first being sounded . Count and record the total number of errors. ACADEMIC ONLY: What skills does the tool screen? Non-sense Word Fluency (NWF) Students are given a list of non-sense words to read. If this goal is not reached, the child may be placed in a small group with the teacher or teaching assistant to practice letter sounds. Credit is given for each correct letter sound (CLS) the student identifies, - obN, \dA$i Yw(t2 hJcEJH0y TT 7#3Y!"]-Bg $W%A@L83,h%WNgv:C}`rFi5V ZbiBY The Correct Letter Sounds (CLS) is the number of letter sounds produced correctly in 1 minute. Word Reading Fluency (WRF) WRF measures the ability to read grade-level words from a page. Please describe specific domain, skills or subtests: If yes, what technology is required to implement your program? TRC. In the Benchmark Goal Study, the 40th percentile at or above the GRADE Total Test Raw Score was used as one approximation of adequate reading skill. The DIBELS Composite Score is a combination of multiple DIBELS scores and provides the best overall estimate of the students early literacy skills and/or reading proficiency. In turn, students with skills at or above benchmark in the middle of the year have the odds in favor of achieving the end-of-year benchmark goal. To calculate the DIBELS Composite Score yourself, see the DIBELS Next Composite Score Work-sheets. Oral reading fluency continues into second grade with DIBELS oral reading fluency testing conducted three times a year. endstream endobj 725 0 obj <>stream hYM +sL./;0VA\2 DIBELS Next Recommended Benchmark Goals FSF LNF PSF NWF-CLSNWF CLS NWF-WWRNWF WWR Beginning 23 29* n/a n/a n/a 12 21 Kindergarten 52 52 51 34* gg Optional 42 41 41 24 Middle Optional, Endorsed 62 44* 7 Endorsed End n/a Optional, 50 Endorsed 34 1 LNF PSF NWF CLSNWF-CLS NWF WWRNWF-WWR ORF WRCORF-WRC ORF AORF-A RTF . Predictive validity for grade K is (a) the correlation between middle-of-year NWF CLS in year 1 and end-of-year ORF Words Correct in year 2 and (b) the correlation between end-of-year NWF CLS in year 1 and end-of-year ORF Words Correct in year 2. PSF- Phoneme Segmentation Fluency Supporting English Learners Using Data to Drive Instruction. These measures are designed for students in grades K-8.